Law and Politics in Latin America †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Law and Politics in Latin America. Answer: Introduction: The Falkwands war, which had taken place in 1982, is regarded as an outcome of the Argentina invasion belonging to the British owned Falkland Island. The initial periods of the conflict had its occurrence primarily at sea among the elements of the Royal Navy along with the Argentina Air Force. The war instigated when the troops belonging to Argentina landed in the Falkland Islands (Levy Vakili, 2014). However, the war concluded following to the British liberation association of Port Stanley which is regarded as the islands capital. However, the British declared a formal end to the military action.The military junta of Argentina was hopeful about the restoration of its aid during economic crisis by regaining authority of the islands. The UK, which had its sovereignty over the islands for more than a century chose the path of conflict (Freedman Gamba-Stonehouse, 2014). Following the organization of diplomatic pressure in opposition to Argentina, Margaret Thatcher, the then Prime Mini ster commanded the assemblage of naval task force in order to reacquire the islands. The UK taskforce comprised of almost 30,000 troops along with more than hundred ships. However, it must be noted that its advanced air power was restrictedby the remoteness of the island (Levy Vakili, 2014). The first major casualties took place when the Argentina cruiser sank which included the death of General Belgrano along with the deaths of 400 other crews (Freedman Gamba-Stonehouse, 2014). With the effective implementation of the increased rate of British troops, they successively invaded regions of San Carlos and began their extended march towards Stanley. The troops fought combatted across the peat bogs areas of East Falkland before planning their final attack on the borders of Argentina defence. The Malvinas War had taken place between Argentina and Great Britain in the year 1982 over the governor of the Falkland Islands and connected dependencies. It has been reported that it would have been unable for Margaret Thatcher to conquer the Folklands war without the immense contribution of America in offering crucial missiles in order to bolster the air defences of Britain. The Argentina government had been upset with the United States due to its initial equitable approach to the war which was believed to have offered an extended services once Washington started to lose its endurance with the Argentinians (Beck, 2014). IT must be taken into account, the way America extended its support by sharing satellite as well as signal intelligence along with the air-to-air missiles along with handheld missile services. Higher education system in Latin America has many likenesses in relation to the US. However, there can be seen certain significant dissimilarities related to education between these two nations. Firstly, the method of delivery in Latin America is different whereby, all the universities are considered to be financially aided by public (Carnoy et al., 2013). However, US comprises of educational institutes which are primarily private entities namely Harvard, Stanford. Secondly, the process of fundraiser of the Latin American government is more accessible both in the process of sanctioning of loans as well as scholarships and awards. Whereas, certain regions of the US like Ontario and Quebec are making significant progress in introducing free education for the mass. One of the significant structural aspects that distinguish Latin America from the other developed regions is the excess level of technological research, investigation and innovation, which are exclusively established in public aided universities (Douglass, 2016). However, certain institutes have been witnessed to undergo transformations, which are expected to evolve in order to compete with the other developed nations. The scientific sector is regarded as the sole department to have developed in the educational domain, which corresponds to fundamental investigation. The higher education system of Latin America has experienced a wide range of significant transformations. These changes symbolize the principles of the model which has its emergence from the Cordoba Reform Movement (CRM) occurred in the year 1918 and further carried its impact on higher education across the region for more than six decades (Carnoy et al., 2013). The main aspects of this model incorporated academic autonomy as well as freedom from governmental rule, independent co governance through shared bodies formed by students, alumni as well as administrative workers. Latin American students have been dominant during several ages of the 20th century. The student rebellion that had occurred in the 1918 has been considered as a landmark against certain conventional forms of teaching and traditional power in the old University of Cordoba in Argentina (Douglass, 2016). Students, in various regions of Latin America including regions of Brazil established organizations that challenged the status quo of the academic trend and further acquired increased aid for the assignments related to the University of Reform. A massive section of young graduates and academicians marched for the educational reforms that occurred between the years of 1916 and 1918. The reform that has its incidence at the National Universidad de Crdoba has been referred as one of the more traditionalist universities during that period (Balbachevsky, 2015). The University denied to compromise to the demands raised by the students that they regenerate an accommodation for the medical students residing near to the school premises. However, the students who had their association with the school demanded a response and further created a scenario of negation. The three educational bodies namely, Federaciones of Crdoba, La Plata along with Buenos Aires have instituted a nationalized Federacin Universitaria de Argentina (FUA) in order to coordinate the struggles between the association led by three students on 11th April (Brennan, 2016). The raging condemnation of the students have led the President Yrigoyen to declare a call for a n intervention and further appointed a state general executive in order to work on the structural aspects of the university. The significant success of the students demands in Crdoba rapidly had its repercussions on several other important universities of that region. Student associations have intended to maintain intense alliance with the employees of the organization as well as the labor unions (Bernasconi Celis, 2017). However, these student reformers are establishing associations in scenarios of demonstrations and disputes. Another outcome that has established from the 1918 University reform has been politicizing of the election centers of the academicians within the institute, which were further aided by the national political associations. Canada has been aiding more than $5 billion since 2007 in the process of total global assistance in regions namely Latin America and the Caribbean. Canada has implemented certain strategies in order to strengthen Canadas involvement in the region (Escobar, 2018). Improved Canadian as well as hemispheric economic opportunity Canada witnesses the increased commitment through business and commercial-economic relations as one of the most improved methods to endorse sustainable economic development in US. The process of mutual or bilateral trade has increased more than 30 percent, which has further increased the direct investment of Canadian government. However, by the beginning of 2013 more than 50% of all Canadian mining resources outside Canada were located in the US (Borras Jr et al., 2013). Fostering enduring associations Canada has acknowledged immense value on strengthening mutual and multilateral associations throughout the hemisphere across administration, private organization, civil society as well as other communities (Escobar, 2018). Establishing these relationships across regions reinforces the mutual understanding as well as integration within Latin America and Caribbean. Canada with its effort of capacity-building activity has improved the trends of professionalism as well as liability related to public institutions and further facilitating the public sector to be reactive towards the needs and demands of its citizens. Caracas, which is known as the capital of Venezuela, has been witnessing regular demonstrations, which eventually transformed into a violent scenario. The opposition has condemned the President, Nicolas Maduro for his authoritarianism and further demanded his removal. However, the President highlighted the conspiring and integrated alliance of his rivals with various foreign entities, the United States in particular in order to weaken the nation (Levine, 2015). In the latest development of the crisis, the country has postponed its future presidential election from the original date that has been scheduled on April 22 to May 20 after an agreement between the Venezuela government along with few rival parties. The beginning of 2018 has been marked significant due to the launch of its latest digital currency known as petro (Weyland, 2013). However, as per the government, the newly launched digital currency has been aided by elements such as lubricants, petroleum, gold as well as diamonds , which has intended to overcome the sanctions held by EU and US (Antillano et al., 2016). However, the suspect of many Venezuelans in various parts of the coalition has included personalities who had been proactive in politics for past decades. This integration has been damaged by various internal authoritarian conflicts and discrepancies over principles and policy. Hugo Chavez, an eminent figure of Venezuela has been successful in achieving the six-year term of the countrys presidential is regarded as one of the most prominent vocal as well as controversial leaders in Latin America (Prez, 2013). Being imprisoned for several years, Chavez was pardoned because the Venezuelan administration did not considered him as an obstacle or a threat to the nation. However, his effort for establishing a new constitution in 2000 was marked as a symbol for enduring ambitions. Nicols Maduro, the President of Venezuela has been a target of unvarying antigovernment reformations and condemnations raging from the United States along with the world community for imposing the nation from democracy to the state of dictatorial regulation. The project of Bolivarian has been comprised of certain organized popular areas that has been performing together with the Chavista government corresponding to the mutual support streams. According to Weyland, (2013), with the prominence of Democracy with Referendum in 1988 in an exceptional civic military relation following the self-obliteration of the countrys steady democracy, the President has struggled to make way for Venezuelas Bolivarian Constitution reestablishing the Republic. References Antillano, A., Pojomovsky, I., Zubillaga, V., Seplveda, C., Hanson, R. (2016). The Venezuelan prison: from neoliberalism to the Bolivarian revolution.Crime, Law and Social Change,65(3), 195-211. Balbachevsky, E. (2015). The Latin American University Model and the Challenges Posed by the Reforms: Perspectives from the Academics. InThe Relevance of Academic Work in Comparative Perspective(pp. 239-252). Springer, Cham. Beck, P. J. (2014).The Falkland Islands as an International Problem (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Bernasconi, A., Celis, S. (2017). Higher education reforms: Latin America in comparative perspective.education policy analysis archives,25, 67. Borras Jr, S. M., Franco, J. C., Kay, C., Spoor, M. (2013). Land grabbing in Latin America and the Caribbean.The New Enclosures: Critical Perspectives on Corporate Land Deals. London and New York: Routledge, 227-254. Brennan, J. (2016).Region and Nation: Politics, Economy and Society in Twentieth Century Argentina. Springer. Carnoy, M., Loyalka, P., Dobryakova, M., Dossani, R., Kuhns, K., Wang, R. (2013).University expansion in a changing global economy: Triumph of the BRICs?. Stanford University Press. Douglass, J. A. (Ed.). (2016).The new flagship university: Changing the paradigm from global ranking to national relevancy. Springer. Escobar, A. (2018).The making of social movements in Latin America: Identity, strategy, and democracy. Routledge. Freedman, L., Gamba-Stonehouse, V. (2014).Signals of war: the Falklands conflict of 1982. Princeton University Press. Levine, D. H. (2015).Conflict and political change in Venezuela. Princeton University Press. Levy, J. S., Vakili, L. I. (2014). Diversionary action by authoritarian regimes: Argentina in the Falklands/Malvinas case.The internationalization of communal strife, 118-46. Prez, O. J. (2013). The basis of support for Hugo Chavez: Measuring the determinants of presidential job approval in Venezuela.The Latin Americanist,57(2), 59-84. Weyland, K. (2013). The threat from the populist left.Journal of Democracy,24(3), 18-32.